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According to Berne, two people interact with each other from one of the three psychological positions known as ego states: Parent, Adult, and Child; and a person can operate from any one of the three. People whose Parent ego state is in control may be protective, controlling, nurturing, critical, or instructive. People with Adult ego state are reasonable, have clear thinking, calm, thoughtful, negotiating and unemotional. Their decision making is based on facts, data and probabilities. The Child ego state reflects the emotions developed in response to childhood experiences. They are impulsive, charming, humorous, creative, spontaneous and carefree. Like an actual child, the Child ego state desires approval from others and prefers immediate rewards.
Martin (2004) suggested that transactional analysis provides four essential steps to reaching a peaceful conflict resolution: (1) Centering yourself, (2) Connecting with the aggressor, (3) Channeling the attack so that neither you nor your aggressor gets hurt, and (4) Safely concluding the interaction. According to Shmukler (2001), transactional analysis can be applied to cross-cultural, social, and organizational settings. Çam and Akkoyun (2001) carried out experimental study to test the effectiveness of a communication skills program on transactional analysis ego states and the problem-solving scores of prospective teachers. Hay (2000) describes applications of transactional analysis within organizations with a metaphor of a ship, which provides a model for understanding the ‘hardware’ and ‘software’ of an organization and how these contribute to the climate and culture. Rani and Thomas (2005) studied the relationship between various levels of employees and their performances with respect to the various transactional analysis.
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